In relation to food types and trophic levels
n.b. many of these points are natural consequences of the previous one

	Herbivores	Carnivores
Trophic level	Primary consumers	Secondary, tertiary consumers
Eat:	Plants grazers - feed on grass at ground level browsers – feed on tree/shrub leaves at higher level	Animals prey – live animals killed and eaten carrion – already dead: abandoned kill?
Composed of	Cell walls - cellulose – not digestible without help from microorganisms in gut Not much protein	Mainly protein
Digestive system	Long gut or rumen + other chambers, together with regurgitation and “chewing the cud”	Fairly short gut
Dentition (specialisation of teeth)	Incisors to cut grass No canines to allow more intake of plant material Molars usually move sideways to grind vegetable matter and are worn down as a result. Some herbivores have backup teeth which move in from behind!	Canines to stab and grip prey Molars closely hinged to shear meat off bones, and crush bones
Nutritional value of food	Low	High
Ease of digestion of food	Low	High
Volume of food	High	Low
Collection time	Long: Grazing (large area of grass) Browsing (systematic picking from trees/shrubs)	Short : Hunting (usually single targets) ? much “leisure time”?
Consequences	Exposed for long time to predators from all sides	Much spare time to plan and execute ambushes
Eyes	All round vision necessary – eyes on side of head	Eyes at front of head – visual overlap enhances distance judgement for pouncing
Main lifestyle option	Herds – “safety in numbers” Some members may act as lookouts	Solitary hunters (small prey) or hunt in pack (especially for larger prey)
Consequences	Consume all the food in one area, and have to move on	Likely to follow prey, or ambush them in certain areas