Sex determining gene
This means the egg will develop testes
Y chromosome produces testerone
If the sex determining gene states 'XY' ...
The sperm carries chromosomes to the womb to fertilise the egg
The sex-determining gene looks for the Y chromosome
The gene will cause the chemical reaction to start to develop testes
The winning sperm decides the gender
The SRY gene releases a hormone that develops testes
Sperm have a chemical in them which determines whether the fertilised egg becomes male or female
If the X and the Y chromosomes join together the result is a male
The sex-determined gene give instructions to make proteins
Women are the only gender that can act as carriers
In each sex cell there is 23 alleles
The Y chromosome develops testes
The more dominant gene from the father and mother would determine whether the fertilised egg develops into a male or a female
Cystic Fibrosis, Huntingtons
These disorders are inside you and won't have any impact on your outside
The alleles for HD are too well hidden for the sufferer to know until they start receiving symptoms
Huntington's moves down a generation in age each time
Alleles inside our genes determine our characteristics
He may have inherited a carrier gene
Genetics
Males have more dominant alleles than women
The Y chromosome is shorter so the allele will have no other alternative route
Haemophilia
It is made within the male gamete therefore more likely to pass down to a male
It affects the immune system and since men have a higher metabolism, it is easier to contract
Males have two X chromosomes which means double the chance of getting the genetic disorder
The gene only attaches to the X chromosome
The allele is only found on the X chromosome, which means that females have double the chance of getting the disorder
Negative feedback
... is when water exits the body, but not as much re-enters the body as left the body
... how much water the body already has, so you don't drown yourself by drinking too much water
... is when the liver tells you that you need more water inside your body and this tricks your brain into thinking you are thirsty
... where the body tells another part what is going wrong and how to improve
... when negative information is received
... when scientists collect data, then when information comes back poorly then they call it a fair test or negative feedback
... the body's way of balancing itself
... when the body gives back the bad blood to the heart
... when you are not high-drated ...
... when a negative microbe that is not meant to be in your body goes into your body
If someone has negative feedback they will sometimes cry and this lowers the amount of water that is in your system
Effects of alcohol
The alcohol in the wine has altered the concentration of water in the body
By drinking wine his body gives more arbitrary to the urine (ref to graph labelling)
Alcohol itself has a substance in it which makes the cells in your brain make you go to the toilet
For the body to have the correct concentrated urine produced, it needs water inside you
and alcohol affects how the kidney distributes water across your body
.. once the pituitary gland has released the kidney ..
His urine will eventually return to normal as he may drink water which is released from the pituitary glands
which will keep the homeostasis the same
This means more ADH needs to be reabsorbed into the body
When your body does not have enough water it will take water from where you hold it
e.g. urine and hold it in your kidneys so you can then urinate
The water in his bladder has been replaced with wine which isn't as good at turning into urine
Drinking wine alters the concentration of salts in the body
As more alcohol is taken in, more blood is pumped which will make it normal
The kidney becomes insoluble
Water content in his blood will decrease making him have weak blood
The ADH will release the liquid by different ways for example sweating or urinating
When you drink, your brain and kidneys produce less urine
There are a few minutes where nothing changes because the wine needed to be digested first
Alcohol can leave the body in sweat or urine
As a result kidneys reaborb more ADH
The body would have to create water to hydrate the body and to flush out the wine
Wine prohibits the concentration as it controls the brain, stopping it from alerting the kidneysfrom flushing out the wine
The pituitary gland releases ADH to the livers
The body has to work hard to remove the nutrients from the alcohol
The ADH is telling him that he has to go to the toilet
... dieheretic hormone ....
Ways the body gains water
Paws in your skin
Blood pressure (different ethnic groups)
This means his heart will not be able to let bad things out
Higher blood pressure may be caused with getting too much sun
Caucasians have lower high blood pressure
Food chain
Less energy is needed along the food chain as each animal becomes more superior
When a larger predator consumes a smaller prey, energy is always lost due to it escaping
Sea water pH as an indicator of Global Warming
This will change the water to a more green-yellow or green type colour
Water is a universal indicator so it will change colour
A lot of carbon dioxide means the greenhouse layer is thickening
Sea water is mainly acidic due to the sodium and as the earth is getting warmer, the ocean is too
The colour of the pH will determine how much CO2 is in the water
Greenhouse gases are the product of global warming
Energy transfer within food chain
There are lapses in time between the transfers, and during this time the energy
has been transferred to other places
As the energy goes to the next animal in the food chain then the larger the animal gets
The numbers are also similar - they can all be divided by each other
Ideas about energy suggesting why owls are unlikely to have any predators
They stay up in trees away from predators, they are nocturnal and can rotate their head
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